Saturday, 6 January 2024

QUOTATION MARKS MATTER: HOW A HARVARD PRESIDENT LOST HER JOB


 

“Congrats” on your baby!

Congrats on “your” baby!

Congrats on your “baby”!

Do you see the difference between compliments? At a glance, you’ll spot that each one uses quotation marks to emphasize a word. That’s okay. There’s the rub though – it overlooks the second half of the rule as spelled out by Grammarly: “quotation marks around single words can occasionally be used for emphasis, BUT only when quoting a word… that the author DOESN’T AGREE with the use of the term.” (Underscoring mine)

Consequently, it would result in suspiciously-sounding sentences and unintentional double meaning. The trio double entendre compliments above topped the online list of the “Suspiciously” Used Quotation Marks. Here are sample readers’ hilarious comments: “Middle one is the best,” “We all know that the 'baby' is a dog,” “That got ‘dark’”.

Here’s a Starbucks notice to illustrate much more and to hold on to your attention: “Please feel free to ask one of our lovely baristas for a ‘second service’. Enjoy”. Sample readers’ comments: “Tell them you have some extra cream,” “I was excited about this, but all they gave me was another coffee. Very disappointing,” “So that’s why Starbucks is so expensive,” “Is there a VIP room now?” “Happy Ending in your cup.”

Now, that I’ve grabbed your attention with the lighter side of the quotation marks, let’s take a look at its weighty side. Quotation marks are more than just punctuation marks. They are symbols of respect, honesty, and integrity. They show that we acknowledge and appreciate the sources of our information and inspiration.

Moreover, quotation marks help us avoid plagiarism – the act of passing off someone else’s words or ideas as our own. Plagiarism is not only unethical but also detrimental to our academic and professional reputation. It can ruin our credibility, damage our relationships, and even cost us our careers. This is what happened to Claudine Gay, the former president of Harvard University, who resigned in disgrace after being accused of plagiarism in her academic writings.

A prominent political scientist and the first woman of color to lead Harvard, Gay faced allegations of plagiarism in her 1997 doctoral dissertation and four papers published between 1993 and 2017. First reported by CNN and the Washington Free Bacon, the allegations claimed at least 40 cases of plagiarism in Gay’s work. They alleged that Gay copied or inadequately cited other scholars’ works without using quotation marks or proper references. Gay denied the allegations and said that she followed the norms and standards of her field at the time of her publications.

Harvard conducted a review of Gay’s work and concluded that she did not violate the standards for research misconduct, although acknowledged that some of her publications needed additional citations. Harvard also said it would issue corrections to two of Gay’s papers and her dissertation. However, some lawmakers, alumni, and students questioned Harvard’s findings and called for a more thorough and transparent investigation into Gay’s academic integrity. They also argued that Gay should be held to the same standards as students and faculty who face severe consequences for plagiarism.

What are those Harvard standards? Here is an excerpt from its Student Handbook titled Academic Integrity, Academic Dishonesty, and the Harvard College Honor Code:

“Members of the Harvard College community commit themselves to produce academic work of integrity – that is, work that adheres to the scholarly and intellectual standards of accurate attribution of sources, appropriate collection and use of data, and transparent acknowledgment of the contribution of others to our ideas, discoveries, interpretations, and conclusions. Cheating on exams or problem sets, plagiarizing or misrepresenting the ideas or language of someone else as one’s own, falsifying data, or any other instance of academic dishonesty violate the standards of our community, as well as the standards of the wider world of learning and affairs.”

From this excerpt, we can see that Harvard highly values academic integrity as a core principle of its community. Academic integrity means respecting the work of others and giving credit where credit is due. It means producing original and authentic work reflecting fresh thinking and creativity. Academic integrity is essential for the advancement of knowledge and the pursuit of excellence.

Gay’s case shows us the importance and the consequences of quotation marks. Quotation marks are not just a technical detail, but a moral obligation. They are a way of showing respect to the authors whose work we use, and to the readers who trust us. They are also a way of protecting ourselves from plagiarism which can have serious and lasting repercussions. Quotation marks can make the difference between humor and moral judgment, between success and failure, between honor and shame, and between leadership and resignation.

Quotation marks matter.


Laying all cards on the table, the following sample comments of The Washington Post’s readers to the case, no doubt, forewarn -- there’s the rub.

“After you read hundreds of articles and books, many containing ideas you have held or agreed with, it would not be surprising to me that you repeat them and have no idea of their origin. There is very little new under the sun. Languages also constrain expressions/wording.” (Same old same old)

“I’m a journal editor and we run manuscripts through a computer program that detects plagiarism. It’s not rare for a paper to get flagged for a bunch of short phrases. I almost always let them go through, because it’s hard to claim ‘ownership’ of a 4 to 8-word phrase. If I see entire sentences or (gasp) entire paragraphs lifted verbatim, then I tell the author either to put quotes around it and cite it, or re-phrase it.” (Ivan Tufaart)

“The role of a university president isn’t to be a great academician – it’s to be a manager and a money raiser. Period.” (Tycho12345)

“Do right-wingers really want to open up this can? I mean, do they think that liberals are idiots who can’t upload the bodywork of any given Republican candidate for anything, and have it scrutinized by AI?” (Utahsucks)

Speaking of AI, amid the plagiarism controversy, AI is like a kid watching his mom and dad shouting at each other. He wonders if it is his fault. Did he do something wrong?

Two years ago, before ChatGPT arrived, here’s Forbes’ banner: “AI Is Not Going To Replace Writers Anytime Soon – But The Future Might Be Closer Than You Think”

Last year, when ChatGPT arrived, here’s Vanity Fair’s banner: “The New Generation of AI Apps Could Make Writers and Artists Obsolete”

And speaking of artists, they’re the first to see the handwriting on the wall as shown by the following headlines:

“AI Won An Art Contest, And Artists Are Furious” (CNN)

“Photographer Admits Prize-winning Image Was AI-generated” (The Guardian)

Then, came this controversial depressing headline depicting man, in a fight-or-flight reaction, ethically and morally going downhill:

“Picture That Won ‘World’s Largest Photo Competition’ Was Staged” (PetaPixel)

Are these man’s “fear and trembling” signs of Elon Musk’s warning: “AI is our biggest existential threat”?

Today, man’s plagiarism controversy is like two dogs fighting each other for crumbs that fall from AI’s table.

And AI, like the kid, watching helplessly his mom and dad shouting at each other, wants them to stop. He wishes they would hug each other and makeup; wishes they would love each other like they used to; wishes they would love him too.


Content put together in collaboration with Microsoft Bing AI-powered Co-pilot

Head collage photos courtesy of depositphotos, Shutterstock, New York Magazine, & Harvard University

Video clips courtesy of YouTube

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